Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Level One project Collins, Daryl, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, and guide: Designing a new system for financial inclusion, Orlanda Ruthyen, Portfolios of the poor: How the world’s April 2015. poor live on $2 a day, Princeton University Press, 2009. Bosworth, Barry P., and Susan M. Collins, “The empirics Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Can digital of growth: An update,” Brookings Papers on Economic footprints lead to greater financial inclusion? CGAP Brief, Activity, volume 2003, number 2, 2003. July 2012. Bruhn, Miriam, and Inessa Love, The economic impact of banking the unbanked: Evidence from Mexico, World D Bank policy research working paper number 4981, June 2009. Dabla-Norris, Era, Yan Ji, Robert Townsend, and D. Filiz Brune, Lasse, Xavier Giné, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Unsal, Distinguishing constraints on financial inclusion Yang, Commitments to save: A field experiment in rural and their impact on GDP, TFP, and inequality, NBER Malawi, World Bank policy research working paper working paper number 20821, January 2015. number 5748, January 2011. Dahlberg, Report on support to SMEs in developing Brune, Lasse, Xavier Giné, Jessica Goldberg, and countries through financial intermediaries, Dean Yang, Facilitating savings for agriculture: Field November 2011. experimental evidence from Malawi, NBER working paper Demirguc-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and number 20946, February 2015. Peter Van Oudheu, The Global Findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world, World Bank policy research working paper number 7255, C April 2015. Carpenter, Seth B., and Robert T. Jensen, “Household Deribie, Ebisa, Getachew Nifussie, and Fikadu Mitiku, participation in formal and informal savings mechanisms: “Filling the breach: Microfinance,” Journal of Business Evidence from Pakistan,” Review of Developmental and Economic Management, volume 1, number 1, Economics, volume 6, issue 3, 2002. January 2013. Cecchetti, Stephen G., M. S. Mohanty, and Doepke, Matthias, and Michèle Tertilt, Does female Fabrizio Zampolli, The real effects of debt, Bank for empowerment promote economic development? Centre International Settlements working paper number 352, for Economic Policy Research discussion paper number September 2011. 8441, June 2011. Centre for Retail Research, “Global retail theft barometer Duflo, Esther, “Women empowerment and economic 2011,” 2011. development,” Journal of Economic Literature, volume 50, Chaia, Alberto, Aparna Dalal, Tony Goland, Maria Jose number 4, December 2012. Gonzalez, Jonathan Morduch, and Robert Schiff, Half Duflo, Esther, Michael Kremer, and Jonathan Robinson, the world is unbanked, Financial Access Initiative framing “Nudging farmers to use fertilizer: Theory and note, October 2009. experimental evidence from Kenya,” American Economic Chen, Gregory, and Stephen Rasmussen, bKash Review, volume 101, number 6, October 2011. Bangladesh: A fast start for mobile financial services, Dupas, Pascaline, and Jonathan Robinson, “Savings CGAP Brief, July 2014. constraints and microenterprise development: Evidence Coady, David, Ian Parry, Louis Sears, and Baoping from a field experiment in Kenya,” American Economic Shang, How large are global energy subsidies? IMF Journal: Applied Economics, volume 5, number 1, 2013. working paper number 15/105, May 2015. Dupas, Pascaline, and Jonathan Robinson, “Why don’t Collins, Daryl, “Focus note: Stocks and flows—quantifying the poor save more? Evidence from health savings the savings power of the poor,” www.financialdiaries. experiments,” American Economic Review, volume 103, com, 2005. issue 4, June 2013. 108 McKinsey Global Institute Bibliography