implement and may be viewed by regulators as anti-competitive. Nine percent of network sharing agreements in Asia include an active sharing component. Exhibit 23 The average retail prices of smartphones and data plans vary significantly among emerging economies Purchasing power parity (PPP), international $ Cost as a % Cost as a % ASP of a low-tier of per capita Price of prepaid 500 MB of per capita 1 GDP, PPP GDP, PPP smartphone, 2016 data plan, 2014 Turkey 254 1.2 16.3 0.1 Tanzania 135 4.4 4.0 0.1 Egypt 128 1.1 22.5 0.2 Brazil 127 0.8 11.5 0.1 Ethiopia 121 6.3 2.1 0.1 Thailand 117 0.7 16.2 0.1 Russia 111 0.5 9.4 <0.1 Colombia 108 0.8 34.6 0.3 Vietnam 108 1.7 1.0 <0.1 Romania 107 0.5 16.2 0.1 Peru 95 0.8 19.4 0.2 Morocco 94 1.1 28.0 0.4 Mexico 91 0.5 37.7 0.2 India 90 1.4 5.8 0.1 Poland 89 0.3 5.6 <0.1 Czech Republic 79 0.2 18.6 0.1 South Africa 78 0.6 18.4 0.1 Indonesia 74 0.6 10.2 0.1 Pakistan 71 1.4 5.3 0.1 Bangladesh 65 1.7 4.2 0.1 54 1.6 2 0.4 Kenya 12.3 Philippines 44 0.6 16.4 0.2 Nigeria 38 0.6 22.6 0.4 China 38 0.3 34.9 0.3 1 ASP is the average end-user (street) price paid for a typically configured mobile phone, including all freight, insurance, and other shipping and handling fees such as taxes (import/export) and tariffs that are included in vendor or channel pricing. Point-of-sale taxes (e.g., VAT or sales tax) are generally excluded. Additional subsidies offered by mobile operators are excluded. 2 2016 data. NOTE: Not to scale. SOURCE: IDC Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, 2016Q1; International Telecommunication Union; World Bank; McKinsey Global Institute analysis McKinsey Global Institute Digital finance for all: Powering inclusive growth in emerging economies 61